Secondary hydrocarbon generation potential from heavy oil, oil sand and solid bitumen during the artificial maturation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qu Zhang  Haiping Huang  Lunjun Zheng  Jianzhong Qin 《Organic Geochemistry》2007,38(12):2024-2035

Secondary hydrocarbon generation potentials from natural bitumen, oil sand and heavy oil, representing different residual oil accumulations, were determined by artificial maturation in a closed pyrolysis system. Simulated results indicate that their thermal behavior and reactivity are similar to those of kerogen, and that they can generate hydrocarbons once subjected to suitable geological processes. Overall differences in oil and gas generation potentials among the samples result from differences in the chemical structure of precursor components, physical compaction status, and mineral matrices. Hydrogen rich precursors, such as oil sand and heavy oil, have greater potential to generate hydrocarbons than hydrogen poor ones. Naturally compacted oil sand has slightly higher conversion efficiency than artificially compacted heavy oil as indicated by lower residual bitumen content. However, total gas and liquid oil recovery from oil sand is lower than from heavy oil due to the poor release of pyrolytic products from well compacted and cemented networks in the experiments. Mineral matrices of previous oil deposits also affect further hydrocarbon generation potential. Carbonate matrices inhibit total oil and gas generation, which consequently retains high gas potential at the postmature stage. Traditional oil generation models mainly consider the thermal alteration of kerogen; this study provides supplemental information for superimposed basins where previous oil accumulations may have been destroyed and reburied to serve as secondary sources of oil and gas. Consideration of previous oil residues as potential source rock allows better estimates of available oil resources and the risks associated with their exploration.  相似文献   

一次大暴雨过程中低空急流演变与强降水的关系   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

金巍  曲岩  姚秀萍  黄素文 《气象》2007,33(12):31-38

利用营口新一代天气雷达提供的每6分钟一次的风廓线资料,详细分析了2006年6月29日辽宁省西部大暴雨过程中强降雨时段的低空风场结构。得出:此次强降水天气的发生与低空急流的迅速加强和向下扩展相对应,短时大暴雨发生前低空西南急流提前2小时左右开始有动量快速下传,当20m.s-1的急流中心下传到≤1km超低空,1.2～2.1km低空出现24m.s-1东南急流,有利于产生短时大暴雨;说明低空脉动及向地面扩展程度与短时强降水之间关系密切。低空急流到达测站上空不一定立即产生强降水,有时会滞后1～2个小时,强降水或强烈天气的发生都存在着一定的动量下传,引起低空扰动加强,同时低空急流的强度和伸展高度,以及动量下传的能量大小,都直接制约着强降水的强弱。低空急流指数增大的程度和降水量的强度呈正比关系,低空急流指数不仅可以说明低空急流的脉动以及向地面扩展程度与中小尺度的强降水存在密切的关系,同时对强降水的出现以及雨强的大小有一定的预示作用。  相似文献   

郭家岭岩体矿物包裹体研究     

王海芹  曲晓明  王鹤年 《山东国土资源》1998,(2)

通过对胶东金成矿区郭家岭岩体中熔融包裹体、含石盐子晶包裹体、ＣＯ２三相包裹体和Ｈ２Ｏ两相包裹体的显微测温,结果表明,该岩体在岩浆结晶晚期发生过高盐度流体与硅酸盐熔体的不混熔过程。根据熔融包裹体均一温度与均一过程的时间,利用相应公式,计算出郭家岭岩体包裹体熔体的粘度和含水量,认为该岩体是从一种高温高粘度的岩浆中结晶成岩的。  相似文献   

德州深层地下水降落漏斗相关模型建立及其应用     

王彦俊  刘桂仪 《山东国土资源》1998,(2)

德州市深层地下水,由于长期大量开采,早已形成降落漏斗。作者从漏斗条件的实际出发,利用１７年的地下水动态观测资料,在地下水资源均衡基础上,进行相关分析,建立了相关模型。利用相关模型直接进行不同开采条件下的地下水位预报和限定地下水位条件下的开采量计算。此外,还利用相关模型进行了含水层（组）弹性释水系数和漏斗补给量计算。  相似文献   

哈依煤气工程管线GPS测量及数据处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李秀海  曲建光 《测绘工程》1998,7(4):56-58,63

介绍哈依煤气工程管线ＧＰＳ控制网的布设、施测及观测数据处理,总结了长距离导线型ＧＰＳ控制网布设的可能性与经验。  相似文献   

ER智能材料在结构振动控制中的应用   总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22  

瞿伟廉  项海帆 《地震工程与工程振动》1998,18(3):49-55

ＥＲ智能材料是一种可控流体,它能在电场的作用下可从牛顿流体变为剪切屈服应力较高的粘塑性体,且这种转变连续,可逆,迅速,因此,可用它来制作可调阻尼器,实现对工程结构风振和地震反应半主动控制,本文在简要地介绍了ＥＲ智能材料电流变效应的基本原理和影响因素之后,建立了适用于土木工程结构控制用的二种类型的ＥＲ可调阻尼器的工作原理和力学模型,并在介绍了ＥＲ可控阻尼器对工程结构风振和地震反应半主动控制的实施原则  相似文献   

位移时空综合分析法及其在边坡工程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

尚彦军  唐纯华 《工程地质学报》1998,6(3):238-243

以往对监测位移数据分析方法主要是位移-时间关系分析。但监测数据包含了大量对工程设计和施工都很有用的信息,其中不乏位移-空间方面的信息;另一方面,从工程设计和施工角度看,除需要位移-时间信息外,还需要位移-空间信息。位移时空综合分析法的提出旨在综合位移-时间和位移-空间等两方面的信息,为工程设计和施工服务。该方法依表现形式不同又分为竖线法和曲面法两种。本文将通过五强溪船闸边坡工程实例,来进一步说明位移时空综合分析法的原理及其应用。  相似文献   

声雷达的相关方法测风     

周明煜  曲绍厚 《大气科学》1979,3(2):165-169

本文提出了声雷达相关原理的测风方法。对声雷达相关原理测风进行了试验并和实际测风进行了比较,事实表明,这两种测风方法得到的结果很接近。  相似文献   

夏季西北干旱气候形成的数值模拟——高原地形和环流场等的影响   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

钱正安  吴统文  吕世华  焦彦军 《大气科学》1998,22(5):753-762

为了进一步检验和修改本文部分作者先前初步提出的影响夏季西北干旱气候形成的因子及如何相互作用形成西北干旱气候的物理图像,本文继续用一全球大气环流谱模式,设计了5组试验,利用ECMWF 的格点分析值资料,进行了数值模拟。结果表明,青藏高原隆升和环流差异是形成西北干旱气候的重要因子,已提出的西北干旱气候形成的物理图像大体是正确的。  相似文献   

Population,urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jing  Cheng  Tao  Hui  Jiang  Tong  Wang  Yanjun  Zhai  Jianqing  Cao  Lige  Su  Buda 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(1):68-84

The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60% of the world's population and half of the global economy. Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic growth, industrial structure and resource allocation. In this study, the proportion of the urban population to the total population and the gross domestic product were used to represent the levels of urbanization and economic development, respectively. The population, urbanization and economic levels of the Belt and Road countries for 2020–2050 were projected under the framework of the IPCC's shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs), and the following conclusions are drawn.(1) The population, urbanization and economic levels in the Belt and Road region will likely increase under all five pathways. The population will increase by 2%–8%/10 a during 2020–2050 and reach 5.0–6.0 billion in 2050. Meanwhile, the urbanization rate will increase by 1.4%–7.5%/10 a and reach 49%–75%. The GDP will increase by 17%–34%/10 a and reach 134–243 trillion USD.(2) Large differences will appear under different scenarios. The SSP1 and SSP5 pathways demonstrate relatively high urbanization and economic levels, but the population size is comparatively smaller; SSP3 shows the opposite trend. Meanwhile, the economy develops slowly under SSP4, but it has a relatively high urbanization level, while SSP2 exhibits an intermediate trend.(3) In 2050, the population will increase relative to 2016 in most countries, and population size in the fastest growing country in Central Asia and the Middle East countries will be more than double. Urbanization will develop rapidly in South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, and will increase by more than 150% in the fastest growing countries. The economy will grow fastest in South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia, and increase by more than 10 times in some counties with rapid economic development.  相似文献